BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF WATER AND SOIL POLLUTED BY HYDROCARBONS

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of biological methods for the treatment of oily water and soil, focusing on bioremediation, phytoremediation, and biologically activated carbon (BAC). Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms to degrade oil hydrocarbons, while phytoremediation employs plants to absorb and metabolize contaminants. BAC combines activated carbon filters with microbial biofilms to remove organic compounds. These methods offer cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to traditional remediation techniques. Factors influencing their efficacy include hydrocarbon concentration, environmental conditions, and species selection. Optimization and integration with complementary approaches enhance their performance. This review discusses principles, applications, advancements, challenges, and future research directions, highlighting the potential of biological methods to revolutionize oily water and soil remediation.