A Multidimensional Framework for Telehealth Adoption in Libya: The Role of Trust in Technology

Abstract

Telehealth has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery in resourceconstrained environments, offering improved access to medical care and enhanced healthcare system efficiency. However, its adoption in developing countries, particularly in fragile states like Libya, faces significant challenges. This study proposes a comprehensive, multidimensional framework for understanding telehealth adoption in Libya, emphasizing the mediating role of trust in technology. The framework integrates the Technology-OrganizationEnvironment (TOE) model, Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) while highlighting how trust in digital health systems influences the relationship between technological, organizational, environmental, and individual factors and actual telehealth usage. Libya’s unique socio-political context, characterized by fragmented healthcare governance, limited ICT infrastructure, and cultural resistance to digital healthcare, necessitates a nuanced approach to telehealth implementation. The findings demonstrate that while technological readiness, leadership support, and regulatory frameworks are crucial for adoption, trust in technology, shaped by perceived system reliability, data security, and institutional reputation, emerges as a significant mediator. The study contributes to the literature by addressing the underexplored role of trust in telehealth adoption, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. It also offers practical insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators aiming to enhance telehealth implementation in Libya, suggesting strategies to build trust, improve digital literacy, and enhance institutional support. This research provides a framework that can be adapted to other developing countries navigating similar challenges in telehealth adoption.